The exposure to television advertising of unhealthy food among children and adolescents and its impact in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the exposure to television advertising of unhealthy food among children and adolescents in Beijing, in order to provide a basis for the formulation of marketing management policies with unhealthy food.@*Methods@#Four weekdays and four weekend days were randomly selected during October 19, 2020 to January 17, 2021, excluding holidays and school holidays. The top five popular channels of children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years old were selected. A total of 720 hours was included for coding and analysis. World Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model for the Western Pacific Region was used to classify food and assess the health level.@*Results@#A total of 13 864 advertisings (ads) was monitored, 38.8% (5 376) of which were food ads. Furthermore, 49.9% (2 680) of food ads were unhealthy food ads, with a frequency of 2.00 per hour per channel. The top five most frequent food ads were infant formula for 12-36 months (26.7%), cheese (16.7%), savory snacks (12.2%), milk drinks (10.5%) and chocolate and candy (6.0%). The most frequently used marketing strategies for unhealthy food ads were brand benefit claims (96.8%) and promotional characters (67.9%).@*Conclusion@#Children and adolescents in Beijing are highly exposed to TV marketing of unhealthy foods. Marketing strategies such as brand benefit claims and promotional characters are employed to boost the impact of unhealthy food ads. There is an urgent need to introduce relevant policies to regulate TV marketing of unhealthy foods.

Optimization of extraction process of polysaccharide from Baihe dihuang decoction and study on its anti-anxiety and anti-depression efficacy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process and to primarily evaluate the anti-anxiety and anti-depression efficacy of polysaccharide from Baihe dihuang decoction. METHODS Based on Plackett-Burman experimental design， using the comprehensive score of yield and content of polysaccharide as indicators， with extraction time， water amount， alcohol precipitation concentration as factors， Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharide from Baihe dihuang decoction； and the validation test was conducted. Forty ICR mice were divided into control group， venlafaxine group [positive control， 13.5 mg/（kg·d）]， Baihe dihuang polysaccharide high-dose and low-dose groups [5.28， 2.64 g/（kg·d），by raw material]， with 10 mice in each group （half male and half female）. Administration groups were given corresponding drug solution intragastrically， and control group was given water 10 mL/kg intragastrically， once a day， for 7 test， forced swimming test and tail suspension test were used to evaluate the effects of the extract prepared by the optimal process on the anxiety-like and depression-like behavior of mice； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the effects of the extract on the levels of neurotransmitter in cerebral tissue of mice. RESULTS The optimal extraction process of Baihe dihuang decoction was： the water amount of 25 times， extract time of 1.5 hours， and alcohol precipitation concentration of 70%. In 3 times of validation test， the average yield and content of polysaccharide were 33.10% and 0.62 mg/mg， the relative deviations of which from the predicted values （36.14% and 0.65 mg/mg） were 8.40% and 4.62% respectively （RSD＜2%， n＝3）. The polysaccharide extract of Baihe dihuang decoction could effectively increase the percentages of open-arms entry， the percentages of open-arms time， the total distance of voluntary activities and the activity distance in central area， and significantly shortened the immobility time of forced swimming test and tail suspension test （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The polysaccharide extract could significantly increase the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine， norepinephrine （except for the Baihe dihuang polysaccharide low-dose group） and gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebral tissue of mice， while significantly decrease the levels of glutamic acid （except for the Baihe dihuang polysaccharide low-dose group） （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction process of polysaccharide from Baihe dihuang decoction is stable and feasible， and the obtained polysaccharide extract has obvious anti-anxiety and anti-depression effect in vivo.

Clinical study of self-made Huatan Prescription combined with conventional western medicine therapy in the treatment of severe pneumonia of phlegm turbidity / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of external therapy with self-made Huatan Prescription combined with conventional western medicine therapy in the treatment of severe pneumonia of phlegm turbidity obstructing lung.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. A total of 114 patients with severe pneumonia of phlegm turbidity obstructing lung in the hospital between July 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups by the random number table method, with 57 in each group. On the basis of conventional western medicine therapy, the treatment group was given external therapy of self-made Huatan Prescription, and the control group was given the placebo. Both groups were applied continuously for 5 days. The TCM syndromes were scored before and after treatment. The disease severity was evaluated by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ). The levels of WBC and procalcitonin (PCT) were detected by automatic blood analyzer. The levels of serum CRP and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The adverse reactions during treatment were recorded and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:After treatment, the total respinse rate was 92.98% (53/57) in treatment group and was 70.18% (40/57) in control group ( χ2=9.87, P=0.002). The scores of fever, unconsciousness, cough and expectoration, nausea and vomiting, tongue coating and pulse and total score in treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=8.95, 7.30, 6.93, 7.37, 12.02, 12.59, 14.29, P<0.01). SOFA (18.12±3.55 vs. 21.46±3.58, t=5.00) and APACHE Ⅱ (13.39±2.72 vs. 16.52±3.13, t=5.70) in treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The levels of WBC [(11.12±1.61) ×10 9/L vs. (12.69±1.82) ×10 9/L, t=4.88], PCT [(3.72±0.81) μg/L vs. (5.19±0.92) μg/L, t=9.05], serum CRP [(62.09±11.41) mg/L vs. (91.77±15.54) mg/L, t=11.62] and IL-6 [(193.14±32.28) ng/L vs. (235.68±38.75) ng/L, t=6.37] in treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). During treatment, there were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups. Conclusion:Self-made Huatan Prescription external therapy combined with conventional western medicine therapy can improve the clinical symptoms, inhibit the inflammatory response, relieve the disease condition and improve the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia of phlegm turbidity obstructing lung safely.

HIV self-testing and related factors in men who have sex with men in Shijiazhuang / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand HIV self-testing and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shijiazhuang. Methods: From August to September 2020, convenient sampling was used to recruit MSM in Shijiazhuang. Online questionnaires were used to collect information about their demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and HIV self-testing. logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors associated with HIV self-testing. Results: In the 304 MSM respondents, 52.3% (159/304) had HIV self-testing in the past 6 months, and 95.0% (151/159) used fingertip blood HIV detection reagent. Self-purchase was the main way to obtain HIV testing reagents (45.9%, 73/159), followed by supply from MSM social organization (44.7%, 71/159). The reasons for having HIV self-testing were non-specific testing time (67.9%, 108/159) and privacy protection (62.9%,100/159), the reasons for having no HIV self-testing included inability of using (32.4%, 47/145), being unaware of HIV self-testing reagent (24.1%, 35/145), and worry about inaccurate self-testing results (19.3%, 28/145). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being 18-29 years old (aOR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.20-5.94), obtaining free HIV self-testing kits in recent 6 months (aOR=8.61, 95%CI: 4.09-18.11) and making friends through Internet and social software (aOR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.48-4.88) were positive factors for having HIV self-testing. Conclusion: HIV self-testing is a more flexible and convenient way to detect HIV in MSM, and the promotion of HIV self-testing in MSM should be strengthened to further increase the HIV detection rate in this population.

Analysis of on-demand adherence and related factors in men who have sex with men who access HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services via the internet / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the compliancy to on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) accessing to PrEP service through an Internet platform. Methods: A cross-sectional study method was used to recruit survey respondents through the Heer Health platform from July 6 to August 30, 2022, and a questionnaire survey on the current status of medication use was conducted in MSM who use PrEP through the platform and take medication on demand. The MSM's information collected in the survey mainly included socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, risk perception characteristics, PrEP awareness and the status of dose taking. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate factors related with compliancy to PrEP. Results: A total of 330 MSM who met the recruitment criteria were included during the survey period, with a valid response rate of 96.7% (319/330) to the questionnaire survey. The age of the 319 MSM was (32.5±7.3) years. Most of them had education level of junior college or college and above (94.7%, 302/319), most of them were unmarried (90.3%, 288/319), most of them had full-time works (95.9%, 306/319), and 40.8% of them had average monthly income ≥10 000 yuan (130/319). The proportion of the MSM with good compliancy to PrEP was 86.5% (276/319). The results of univariate and multivariate logistic analyses showed that the MSM with good awareness of PrEP had relatively better compliancy to PrEP compared with those with poor awareness of PrEP (aOR=2.43, 95%CI:1.11-5.32). Conclusions: The compliancy to on-demand PrEP was good in MSM who accessed to the services through Internet platform, but there is still a need to strengthen PrEP promotion in MSM for the further improvement of PrEP compliancy and reduction of the risk for HIV infection in this population.

A survey on the current status of cognition of birth safety among married HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the current status of fertility safety cognition among married HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years and to provide evidence for fertility safety intervention in HIV-infected families. Methods: Six districts in Chongqing and Zigong City in Sichuan Province were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among married HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years who were followed up from November 2021 to April 2022 to collect their general demographic characteristics, histories of sex experience, fertility intention, and knowledge of birth safety. Unconditional logistic regression and Poisson regression were used to analyze the factors affecting the cognition of birth safety. Results: A total of 266 HIV-infected people were included in the study; 58.3% (155/266) were women, and 48.9% (130/266) had fertility desire. The cognition rate of knowledge of birth safety was 59.4% (158/266). The cognition rate of women's knowledge of birth safety was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.25-3.66) times that of men's. The cognition rate of knowledge of birth safety among HIV-infected persons with a high school education level or above was 1.88 (95%CI: 1.08-3.27) times that of those with a low education level. The cognition rate of knowledge of reproductive safety among HIV-infected people with fertility intention was 1.88 (95%CI: 1.10-3.22) times that of those without fertility intention. The cognition rate of knowledge of birth safety among HIV-infected persons who received AIDS knowledge promotion and education was 9.06 (95%CI: 2.46-33.32) times that of those who did not. The cognition rate of measures of birth safety was 5.3% (14/266). The Poisson regression analysis showed no significant difference in the cognition rate of specific measures among gender, age, education and other factors. Conclusions: HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years and married with a spouse have a low awareness of birth safety, and there are risks of HIV transmission between couples and mother-to-child in the family. Targeted birth safety education and intervention should be strengthened to reduce HIV transmission.

Analysis of the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 inactivated vaccine in China from 2017 to 2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) inactivated vaccines in China from 2017 to 2021 and provide evidence for making policy on immunization strategy against hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Using the reported dose number of EV71 vaccination and birth cohort population data collected by the China immunizaiton program information system to estimate the cumulative coverage of EV71 vaccine by the end of 2021 among the birth cohorts since 2012 at national, provincial, and prefecture levels, and analyze the correlation between the vaccination coverage and the potential influencing factors. Results: As of 2021, the estimated cumulative vaccination coverage of the EV71 vaccine was 24.96% in birth cohorts since 2012. The cumulative vaccination coverage was between 3.09% and 56.59% in different provinces, between 0 and 88.17% in different prefectures. There was a statistically significant correlation between vaccination coverage in different regions and the region's previous HFMD prevalence and disposable income per capita. Conclusions: Since 2017, the EV71 vaccines have been widely used nationwide, but the coverage of EV71 vaccination varies greatly among regions. Vaccination coverage is higher in relatively developed regions, and the intensity of previous epidemic of HFMD may have a certain impact on the acceptance of the vaccine and the pattern of immunization service. The impact of EV71 vaccination on the epidemic of HFMD requires further studies.

Research progress of anterior cutaneous nerve injury and repair in knee arthroplasty / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the research progress of anterior cutaneous nerve injury and repair in knee arthroplasty.@*METHODS@#The relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed and summarized from the anatomy of anterior cutaneous nerve, nerve injury grade, clinical manifestations, prevention and treatment of anterior cutaneous nerve.@*RESULTS@#The anterior cutaneous nerve injury is a common complication of knee arthroplasty. Because the anterior cutaneous nerve branches are many and thin, and mainly run between the first and second layers of fascia, this level is often ignored during surgical exposure. In addition, the knee arthroplasty does not routinely perform the exploration and repair of the cutaneous nerve. So the anterior cutaneous nerve injury is difficult to avoid, and can lead to postoperative skin numbness and knee pain. At present, studies have explored the feasibility of preventing its occurrence from the aspects of improved incision and intraoperative separation of protective nerve. There is no effective prevention and treatment measures for this complication. For patients with skin numbness after knee arthroplasty, the effectiveness of drug treatment is not clear. Local nerve block or nerve excision can be used to treat patients with painful symptoms after knee arthroplasty considering cutaneous pseudoneuroma.@*CONCLUSION@#Knee arthroplasty is widely used and anterior cutaneous nerve injury is common in clinic. In the future, more high-quality clinical studies are needed to further explore the prevention and treatment measures of this complication and evaluate the clinical benefits obtained.

Effect of pH on the chelation between strontium ions and decellularized small intestinal submucosal sponge scaffolds / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the preparation of decellularized small intestinal submucosa (dSIS) sponge scaffolds with chelated strontium (Sr) ions at different pH values, and to select the appropriate pH values for synthesizing Sr/dSIS scaffolds using the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the scaffolds as evaluation indexes.@*METHODS@#(1) Sr/dSIS scaffolds preparation and grouping: After mixing dSIS solution and strontium chloride solution in equal volumes, adjusting pH of the solution to 3, 5, 7, and 9 respectively, porous scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method after full reaction at 37℃, which were named Sr/dSIS-3, -5, -7, and -9 respectively, and the dSIS scaffolds were used as the control group. (2) Physicochemical property evaluation: The bulk morphology of the scaffolds was observed in each group, the microscopic morphology analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and the porosity and pore size determined, the surface elements analyzed by energy spectroscopy, the structure of functional groups analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, the chelation rate determined by atomic spectrophotometry, the water absorption rate detected by using specific gravity method, and the compression strength evaluated by universal mechanical testing machine.(3) Biocompatibility evaluation: The cytotoxicity and proliferative effect to bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of each group were evaluated by Calcein-AM/PI double staining method.@*RESULTS@#Scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffolds of each group had an interconnected three-dimensional porous structure with no statistical difference in pore size and porosity. Energy spectrum analysis showed that strontium could be detected in Sr/dSIS-5, -7 and -9 groups, and strontium was uniformly distributed in the scaffolds. Functional group analysis further supported the formation of chelates in the Sr/dSIS-5, -7 and -9 groups. Chelation rate analysis showed that the Sr/dSIS-7 group had the highest strontium chelation rate, which was statistically different from the other groups (P < 0.05). The scaffolds in all the groups had good water absorption. The scaffolds in Sr/dSIS-5, -7 and -9 groups showed significantly improved mechanical properties compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The scaffolds in all the groups had good biocompatibility, and the Sr/dSIS-7 group showed the best proliferation of BMSCs.@*CONCLUSION@#When pH was 7, the Sr/dSIS scaffolds showed the highest strontium chelation rate and the best proliferation effect of BMSCs, which was the ideal pH value for the preparation of the Sr/dSIS scaffolds.

Coryoint flap of lower abdominal wall for covering extremely large soft tissue circular defects on limbs / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the results of coryoint flap harvested from lower abdominal wall for covering extremely soft tissue circular defects on limbs.Methods:From March 2018 to June 2020, 15 patients who suffered from severe degloved injury were admitted into the Department of Hand Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University. The injuries were characterised as extreme circular defects on limbs. The dimension of defects ranged from 25.0 cm×9.0 cm to 30.0 cm×18.0 cm. All wounds were taken through emergency debridement and managed by VSD. Using lower abdomen as a donor site, a conjoined flap was dissected when the wound surface became granulating. The perforator vessels of the flaps included vessels of deep inferior epigastric artery(DIEA), superficial inferior epigastric artery(SIEA) and superficial circumflex iliac artery(SCIA). The donor sites were primary closed. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted by the surgeons in the same surgical team at outpatient clinic.Results:Fourteen flaps survived completely without significant complications. Distal necrosis occurred in 1 flap, which healed with a skin graft in the second stage surgery. All flaps were reviewed during the postoperative follow-up that lasted for 18-24(mean 20) months. The aesthetic outcomes were achieved on the recipient site without hairy nor hyper-pigmentation. A concealed linea scare left at the donor sites without hernia and limited function. At the last follow-up, 5 patients were in excellent and 2 in good evaluated by following the Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand(DASH). With the Lower extremity functional scale(LEFS), 5 patients were in excellent and 3 in good.Conclusion:The simultaneous reconstruction of extremely large soft tissue circular defects on limbs with best possible salvage surgery can be achieved by a conjoined flap. A conjoined flap offers a concealed donor site, easy to design, flexible perforators design and larger size of soft tissue.

Clinical diagnostic value of NT-proBNP in peridialysis chronic kidney disease patients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical value of N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in diagnosing or predicting heart failure in peridialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) population.Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study. Patients with peridialysis CKD who visited the Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to June 2021 were collected and divided into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of heart failure and the level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), namely the non-heart failure group, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) group (LVEF<40%), heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) group (40％≤LVEF<50％), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) group (LVEF≥50％). The NT-proBNP, echocardiography and other indicators of the 4 groups were compared. The value of plasma NT-proBNP in diagnosing heart failure, HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF was analyzed by drawing receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of heart failure in peridialysis CKD patients.Results:A total of 508 patients were included, including 11 cases in the HFrEF group, 29 cases in the HFmrEF group, 152 cases in the HFpEF group, and 316 cases without heart failure. The differences in age, 24-h urine volume, hemodialysis proportion, non-dialysis proportion, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, NT-proBNP, cardiac troponin I, left ventricular internal diameter, LVEF, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, E/A value, septal thickness, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness among the four groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05, respectively). A two-pair comparison (all P values corrected by Bonferroni method) revealed that the 24-h urine volume was higher in the non-heart failure group than in the other three groups (corrected P<0.05, respectively), while the proportion of hemodialysis patients and the levels of NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein were lower in the non-heart failure group than in the other three groups (corrected P<0.001, respectively); the levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin were lower in the HFpEF group than in the non-heart failure group (corrected P<0.001, respectively); troponin I was lower in the non-heart failure group than in the HFpEF group (corrected P<0.001), HFmrEF group (corrected P=0.001) and HFrEF group (corrected P<0.001), and troponin I was lower in the HFpEF group than in the HFrEF group (corrected P=0.008); LVEF was higher in the non-heart failure group than in the other three groups (corrected P<0.001, respectively), and LVEF in the HFpEF group was higher than in the HFmrEF and HFrEF groups (corrected P<0.001, respectively). For patients with peridialysis CKD, the cut-off values of plasma NT-proBNP for diagnosing or predicting heart failure, HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF were 4 943.33 ng/L, 4 976.83 ng/L, 14 964.5 ng/L and 17 847.55 ng/L, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP (every 500 ng/L increase, OR=1.390, 95% CI 1.287-1.501, P<0.001), LVEF ( OR=0.747, 95% CI 0.656-0.851, P<0.001) and 24-h urine volume (every 100 ml increase, OR=0.842, 95% CI 0.763-0.929, P=0.001) were independently correlated with heart failure. Conclusions:The cut-off value of plasma NT-proBNP for diagnosing or predicting heart failure in peridialysis CKD patients is much higher than that in patients with normal renal function. NT-proBNP, LVEF and 24-h urine volume are independently associated with heart failure in peridialysis CKD patients.

Analysis of serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in 3 051 patients with eczema or dermatitis in an allergy clinic / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To analyze measurement results of serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in patients with eczema/dermatitis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in 3 051 patients with eczema/dermatitis, who visited the allergy clinic of Huashan Hospital from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022. The serum allergen-specific IgE level was detected by using the Phadia allergen detection system, and positive rates of allergens were calculated to determine common inhaled allergens and food allergens in patients with eczema/dermatitis. Comparisons of enumeration data between groups were performed by chi-square test.Results:Among the 3 051 patients with eczema/dermatitis, there were 1 412 with atopic dermatitis and 1 639 were other eczema/dermatitis. Detection of serum allergen-specific IgE showed that 1 629 (53%) patients were positive for allergens, and the number of positive allergen-specific IgEs in each patient was 3.0 ± 1.6. The top 3 common inhaled allergens in patients with eczema/dermatitis were Dermatophagoides farinae (904/1 522, 59%) , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (891/1 513, 59%) and Alternaria alternata (206/1 068, 19%) , and the top 3 common food allergens were shrimps (251/1 432, 18%) , egg white (165/992, 17%) and cow milk (149/994, 15%) . Among the 3 051 patients, 25 (1%) were aged < 2 years, 571 (19%) aged 2 - 12 years, 285 (9%) aged 12 - 18 years, and 2 170 (71%) were aged > 18 years. The most common food allergens were both egg white in the age groups of < 2 years and 2 -12 years (77%, 37%, respectively) , and were both shrimps in the age groups of 12 - 18 years and > 18 years (31%, 17%, respectively) . Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farina were the top 2 common inhaled allergens in all age groups, with the positive rate ranging from 36% to 84%; in addition, the positive rate of molds was relatively high in the age group of 2 - 12 years (mold mixture: 37%; Alternaria alternata: 27%) . From April 2021 to March 2022, the positive rate of outdoor allergens ranged from 10% to 15% among outpatients in every month; the positive rates of tree pollen and grass pollen increased from April 2021, and peaked in October 2021. The patients with atopic dermatitis showed a significantly increased positive rate of allergens (73%) compared with those with other eczema/dermatitis (37%, χ2 = 389.36, P<0.001) , and the rank of common allergens in the patients with atopic dermatitis was basically the same as that in those with eczema/dermatitis. Conclusions:The common allergens were Dermatophagoides farina, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Alternaria alternata in the patients with eczema/dermatitis. Food allergy was more common in infant patients, and inhalation allergy was more common in child, adolescent and adult patients. The positive rate of allergen-specific IgEs was markedly higher in the patients with atopic dermatitis than in those with other eczema/dermatitis.

Prediction of Cognitive Progression in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Radiomics as an Improvement of the ATN System: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study

Objective@#To improve the N biomarker in the amyloid/taueurodegeneration system by radiomics and study its value for predicting cognitive progression in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). @*Materials and Methods@#A group of 147 healthy controls (HCs) (72 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 73.7 ± 6.3 years), 197 patients with MCI (114 male; 72.2 ± 7.1 years), and 128 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (74 male; 73.7 ± 8.4 years) were included. Optimal A, T, and N biomarkers for discriminating HC and AD were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A radiomics model containing comprehensive information of the whole cerebral cortex and deep nuclei was established to create a new N biomarker. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were evaluated to determine the optimal A or T biomarkers. All MCI patients were followed up until AD conversion or for at least 60 months. The predictive value of A, T, and the radiomics-based N biomarker for cognitive progression of MCI to AD were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. @*Results@#The radiomics-based N biomarker showed an ROC curve area of 0.998 for discriminating between AD and HC. CSF Aβ42 and p-tau proteins were identified as the optimal A and T biomarkers, respectively. For MCI patients on the Alzheimer’s continuum, isolated A+ was an indicator of cognitive stability, while abnormalities of T and N, separately or simultaneously, indicated a high risk of progression. For MCI patients with suspected non-Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology, isolated T+ indicated cognitive stability, while the appearance of the radiomics-based N+ indicated a high risk of progression to AD. @*Conclusion@#We proposed a new radiomics-based improved N biomarker that could help identify patients with MCI who are at a higher risk for cognitive progression. In addition, we clarified the value of a single A/T/N biomarker for predicting the cognitive progression of MCI.

Clinical efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as second-line or later therapy in the treatment of HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of the camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as second-line or later therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) negative advanced gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 66 patients with HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer and first-line treatment failure in Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from March 2018 to September 2021 were selected. They were divided into study group ( n=22) and control group ( n=44) according to the different treatment regimens. The patients in the study group were treated with camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy, and the patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy alone. The short-term efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS) , overall survival (OS) and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis. Results:After at least 2-4 cycles of treatment, the ORR in the study group and the control group were 9.1% (2/22) and 0 (0/44) respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P=0.108) . DCR in the two groups were 77.3% (17/22) and 45.5% (20/44) respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.03, P=0.014) . The study group didn’t reach median OS and the median OS in the control group was 11.7 months, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.59, P=0.207) . The study group didn’t reach median PFS and the median PFS in the control group was 3.2 months, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=10.13, P=0.001) . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that treatment method was an independent influencing factor for PFS in patients with HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer ( HR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.15-0.75, P=0.008) . In terms of adverse reactions, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of elevated alanine aminotransferase between the study group and the control group [31.8% (7/22) vs. 6.8% (3/44) , χ2=5.32, P=0.021]. There were no adverse-related deaths in both groups. Conclusion:Compared with chemotherapy alone, camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as a second-line or later therapy in HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer can prolong PFS and improve DCR, but the incidence of elevated alanine aminotransferase increases significantly.

STING1 in sepsis: Mechanisms, functions, and implications / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and one of the most challenging health problems in the world. Pathologically, sepsis and septic shock are caused by a dysregulated host immune response to infection, which can eventually lead to multiple organ failure and even death. As an adaptor transporter between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1, also known as STING or TMEM173) has been found to play a vital role at the intersection of innate immunity, inflammation, autophagy, and cell death in response to invading microbial pathogens or endogenous host damage. There is ample evidence that impaired STING1, through its immune and non-immune functions, is involved in the pathological process of sepsis. In this review, we discuss the regulation and function of the STING1 pathway in sepsis and highlight it as a suitable drug target for the treatment of lethal infection.

The external locking compression plate combined with inferior abdominal conjoined flap for fixing open fracture and covering soft tissue defects on tibia / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To discuss the clinical effect about the external locking compression plate(LCP) combined with lower abdominal conjoined flap for fixing the open fracture and covering the soft tissue defects on tibia.Methods:From August 2017 to December 2020, 18 patients with serve tibial open fracture were admitted into the trauma center, including 15 males and 3 females with a median age of 38 (ranged, 25-58) years old. The etiology involving: 9 cases by traffic accident, 3 by downfall, 6 by crushing, which classified as type III B( n=6) and III C( n=12) by the Anderson-Gustilo criterion. All wounds were taken radical debridement, fixed by the femur LCP and covered by the VSD during the emergency operation. The lower abdominal conjoined flap was dissected to cover the soft tissue defect, of which the dimension and pedicle length were tailored to the defect. Primary closure was performed on the donor site. Followed-up was conducted by telephone and WeChat. Results:One flap was changed to gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap because of the venous crisis. Seventeen flaps survived completely without significant complications. All the donor and recipient sites had primary healing. A mean follow-up of 15 (ranged, 12 to 18) months. The fracture healed without bone infection and bone nonunion. The aesthetic outcomes were satisfied without overgrown hairy and hyperpigmentation for all flaps. The concealed linear scar was left without hernia or other morbidity on the donor site. At the final follow-up, 12 cases were excellent and 6 cases were good evaluated by the Johner-Wruhs criteria.Conclusion:The external LCP can immobilise the knee and ankle joint with the preservation of the soft tissue, and the free lower abdominal conjoined flap was useful for covering extreme defects with concealed donor site, with enough tissue volume. The combination of both could lower the postoperative infection, reduce the operation time and shorten the hospital stay.

Evaluation of uncertainty for the determination of lead in ambient air PM2.5 by ICP-MS / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To establish an evaluation method of uncertainty for the determination of lead in ambient air PM2.5 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods According to HJ657-2013 “Determination of Lead and Other Metal Elements in Air and Exhaust Particulates by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”, the concentration of lead in ambient air PM2.5 was determined. A mathematical model was established to analyze the source of uncertainty and to calculate each component of uncertainty. The components were combined into the standard uncertainty, and the relative expanded uncertainty was finally obtained. Results The expanded uncertainty of lead in ambient air PM2.5 was 0.16 ng/m3, and the measurement result of lead was (1.75±0.16)ng/m3. Conclusion The main source of uncertainty of this method comes from the relative standard uncertainty introduced by sample pretreatment.

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis injected through tail vein on the expressions of biomarkers in neural stem cells and neurons of wild-type rats hippocampus / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objectives: To study the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) injected through tail vein on the molecular expression levels of biomarkers of neural stem cells (NSC) and neurons in the hippocampus of wild-type adult rats, and the effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups based on the table of random numbers (n=6 in each group). In low-intensity group and high-intensity group, rats were injected intravenously through tail vein with 200 μl Pg ATCC33277 [1.0×103 and 1.0×108 colony forming unit (CFU), respectively] 3 times per week for 8 weeks. In the sham group, 200 μl of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was given instead. Behavioral tests: the navigation and the exploration tests using Morris water maze (MWM) were applied to evaluate learning and memory ability of rats. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect cells positively expressing nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of rats in each group. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression levels of nestin, DCX and NeuN in rat hippocampus. Results: Learning and memory abilities: on day 5 of navigation test, the lagency time was 22.83 (16.00, 38.34) s in the high-intensity group, significantly longer than the sham group [5.59 (5.41, 6.17) s] (t=-11.17, P<0.001). There were no significant differences between the low-intensity group [9.85 (8.75, 21.01) s] and the sham group (t=-6.83, P=0.080). Results in the exploration test showed that, in the high-intensity group, the number of fime crossing over the previous platform area within 60 s was 1.50 (1.00, 2.00), significantly less than the sham group [4.00 (2.75, 4.00)] (t=9.75, P=0.003); no significant differences between the low-intensity group [2.50 (2.00, 3.00)] and the sham one (t=4.50, P=0.382). Immunohistochemistry showed that the nestin+ cell density in the low-intensity group [(35.36±4.32) cell/mm2] and high-intensity group [(26.51±5.89) cell/mm2] were significantly lower than the sham group [(59.58±14.15) cell/mm2] (t=24.21, P=0.018; t=33.07, P=0.005); as for the mean absorbance of DCX+ cells, the low-intensity group (0.007±0.002) and the high-intensity group (0.006±0.002) were significantly lower than the sham group (0.011±0.001) (t=0.004, P=0.018; t=0.006, P=0.005); compared with the sham group [(1.13±0.14)×103 cell/mm2], the density of NeuN+ neurons in the high-intensity group [(0.75±0.08)×103 cell/mm2] was significantly reduced (t=0.38, P=0.017), and was not significantly changed in the low-intensity group [(0.88±0.19)×103 cell/mm2] (t=0.25, P=0.075). Western blotting results showed that, compared with the sham group, the expression levels of nestin, DCX, and NeuN were significantly reduced in the high-intensity group (t=0.74, P<0.001; t=0.18, P=0.014; t=0.35, P=0.008), but were not statistically changed in the low-intensity group (t=0.18, P=0.108; t=0.08, P=0.172; t=0.19, P=0.077). Conclusions: Pg injected through tail vein may reduce learning and memory abilities of wild-type rats, and may reduce the number of nestin, DCX, and NeuN-positive cells, and the protein expression levels of the above molecules in the hippocampus.

Application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in risk assessment in medicine related fields / 中华流行病学杂志

Risks exist in medicine related fields, which cannot be defined and quantified precisely. It is necessary to adopt a method for the risk assessment of uncertain and fuzzy phenomenon. This paper summarizes the thinking, procedure, advantage and application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in the risk assessment in medicine related fields for the purpose of providing reference for its further application.

A review of global and domestic HIV epidemic estimation / 中华流行病学杂志

Due to the latent characteristics of HIV infection, exceptionality of HIV high-risk population, social discrimination and insufficient awareness of AIDS prevention, timely testing and diagnosis of HIV infection is still a challenge worldwide. Until recently, it is difficult to exactly understand the overall HIV epidemic only using routine surveillance data. Therefore, epidemiological and statistical modeling is widely used to address this issue. Almost at the same time when AIDS was firstly discovered firstly, scientists also began to study the methods for the estimation and prediction of HIV infection epidemic. This article summarizes the development of global and domestic HIV epidemic estimation for the further understanding of its current performance and methods applied to provide reference for the future work.